Snow and ice control chemicals carry substantial environmental costs. Typical applications use roughly 90 pounds of road salt per person per year, and one study estimates 78% of that chloride is trapped in stormwater ponds, lakes, wetlands and groundwater. Surface streams and drinking water wells are showing impairment, and residents are beginning to taste the effects. This presentation covers several projects examining which anti-icing chemicals perform best, whether road salt alternatives such as potassium acetate carry their own environmental risks, and how abrasives compare. Projects investigated the fate, transport, effectiveness and environmental impacts of chloride-based salts and alternatives, alongside pavement innovations aimed at reducing chloride loading. Results are framed around overall costs and benefits, accounting for materials, infrastructure damage and environmental outcomes, with the goal of protecting water quality and aquatic ecosystems.